Abstract: The interval-valued hesitant fuzzy probability theory is investigated. The concepts of typical interval-valued hesitant fuzzy event and its probability have been introduced. The basic ...

Classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is learning through association. This behavioral learning method was first studied in the late 19th century by ...

“There are known knowns. There are known unknowns. But there are also unknown unknowns—things we do not yet realize we do not know.”—Donald Rumsfeld (2002) While modern machine learning (ML) ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

In this blog post for the Applied Category Theory Adjoint School 2024, we discuss some of the limitations that the measure-theoretic probability framework has in handling uncertainty and present some ...

Human behaviour is an enigma that fascinates many scientists. And there has been much discussion over the role of probability in explaining how our minds work. Probability is a mathematical framework ...

Dorje C Brody receives funding from Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EP/X019926/1) and the John Templeton Foundation (62210). The opinions expressed in this publication are those of ...

Human behavior is an enigma that fascinates many scientists. And there has been much discussion over the role of probability in explaining how our minds work. Probability is a mathematical framework ...

This post is part 1 of a series. It is coauthored by Liane Gabora, Emmanuel Pothos, and Iana Bashmakova. There is a trend toward increased openness in science, and one aspect of this involves sharing ...