Abstract: We propose an adaptive moment estimation (Adam)-based $2^{\mathrm {nd}}$ -order Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) employing a mini-batch gradient descent (MGD) algorithm for intensity ...

Abstract: We propose an adaptive moment estimation (Adam)-based 2 nd-order Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) employing a mini-batch gradient descent (MGD) algorithm for intensity ...

Mini Batch Gradient Descent is an algorithm that helps to speed up learning while dealing with a large dataset. Instead of updating the weight parameters after assessing the entire dataset, Mini Batch ...

Performing gradient descent for calculating slope and intercept of linear regression using sum square residual or mean square error loss function. A "from-scratch" 2 ...

Python libraries are pre-written collections of code designed to simplify programming by providing ready-made functions for specific tasks. They eliminate the need to write repetitive code and cover ...