Fifty years ago, Keldysh introduced an important idea. Treating both gases and solids on the same footing, he showed that strong-field ionization—valence-band to conduction-band transitions in ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Solids are divided into two main categories, crystalline solids and amorphous solids, based on ...

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi'an Jiaotong University recently introduced a new unified model that could explain both these anomalies in the vibrational behavior of solids. This ...

Conduct investigations to identify characteristics of gases, and learn about the gases that make up our atmosphere. Explore features of solids, liquids, and gases while noticing that substances can ...