Random fields and Gaussian processes constitute fundamental frameworks in modern probability theory and spatial statistics, providing robust tools for modelling complex dependencies over space and ...

Random walks constitute a foundational concept in probability theory, describing the seemingly erratic movement of particles or agents as they traverse a space in a series of stochastic steps. In many ...

Tiny particles like pollen grains move constantly, pushed and pulled by environmental forces. To study this motion, physicists use a “random walk” model — a system in which every step is determined by ...

Random processes take place all around us. It rains one day but not the next; stocks and bonds gain and lose value; traffic jams coalesce and disappear. Because they’re governed by numerous factors ...