Fragmentation functions are fundamental components in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), encapsulating the probability that a high-energy quark or gluon produces a specific hadron during the hadronisation ...

Fragmentation, or how things break, may seem like a truly random process, but new study shows that fragmentation will actually follow a process to maximize entropy. This behavior is a manifestation of ...

When an energetic quark or gluon gets knocked free during a proton-proton collision, this free "parton" first generates a shower of other partons, which then "fragment" to form hadrons (h) such as ...